SELECT 
  product_id 
FROM 
  cscart_product_popularity 
WHERE 
  product_id IN (
    12423, 12422, 12421, 12420, 12419, 12418, 
    12417, 12416, 12415, 12414, 12413, 
    12412, 12411, 12410, 12409, 12408, 
    12407, 12406, 12405, 12404, 12403, 
    12402, 12401, 12400, 12399, 12398, 
    12397, 12396, 12395, 12394, 12393, 
    12392, 12391, 12390, 12389, 12388, 
    12387, 12386, 12385, 12384, 12383, 
    12382, 12381, 12380
  )

Query time 0.00056

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "9.27"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_product_popularity",
      "access_type": "range",
      "possible_keys": [
        "PRIMARY",
        "total"
      ],
      "key": "PRIMARY",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "product_id"
      ],
      "key_length": "3",
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 44,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 44,
      "filtered": "100.00",
      "using_index": true,
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "4.87",
        "eval_cost": "4.40",
        "prefix_cost": "9.27",
        "data_read_per_join": "1K"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "product_id"
      ],
      "attached_condition": "(`test2_gaseus`.`cscart_product_popularity`.`product_id` in (12423,12422,12421,12420,12419,12418,12417,12416,12415,12414,12413,12412,12411,12410,12409,12408,12407,12406,12405,12404,12403,12402,12401,12400,12399,12398,12397,12396,12395,12394,12393,12392,12391,12390,12389,12388,12387,12386,12385,12384,12383,12382,12381,12380))"
    }
  }
}